Having achieved a top 1% score on the UKCAT myself, I understand the anxieties students face when preparing for the abstract reasoning section of the examination. In this article, we provide you with our tried and tested tips on how to ace abstract reasoning and score as highly as possible on this section in your exam!
Need some extra support in preparing for your upcoming UCAT? Working one-on-one with our experts can help refine your skills and improve your speed, giving you the confidence needed to excel in your real exam!
Please note, the abstract reasoning section of the UCAT has been removed from 2025 onwards.
Abstract Reasoning Top Tips Summary:
Important: Abstract Reasoning Was Removed from the UCAT in 2025
Please note that Abstract Reasoning is no longer part of the UCAT. It was removed for the 2025 entry cycle onwards, and the UCAT now contains four subtests: Verbal Reasoning, Decision Making, Quantitative Reasoning and the Situational Judgement Test, with a cognitive total scored out of 2700 (down from the previous 3600). We have kept this guide live because the techniques below remain genuinely useful for other abstract and inductive reasoning tests, and for understanding how the UCAT was historically structured. If you are preparing for the current exam, head to our guides on the four live subtests above.
Know The Question Types
Get Familiar With The UCAT Timings
Stick To One Mnemonic & Learn It
Identify Shapes
Comparing Sizes In Abstract Reasoning (Former UCAT Section)
Shading in UCAT Questions
Position Is Key
Look At The Sides!
Always start on the easiest box
Set B will likely be the opposite
Don’t Make Assumptions
Be Mindful In Your Revision
Become Comfortable With Your Keyboard Shortcuts
Know The Platform
Guess Answers To Boost Your Abstract Reasoning Score (No Negative Marking)
Little & Often
Use All The Resources You're Given
Learn Common Abstract Reasoning Patterns
Don't Watch The Clock
Use Mainly Online Resources
Timed Conditions Only
Practice Makes Perfect
Tips 1: Know The Question Types
In the UCAT Abstract Reasoning Section, there are 3 types of questions that you may face:
You’re given test shapes - in these questions, you’ll be given 5 test shapes and are asked to classify them into Set A or Set B or Neither set.
Complete the sequence - you’re given 3 consecutive images and asked to pick a 5th image which fits the possible patterns shown.
Applying rules - these will be presented with the phrase “[box 1] is to [box 2] as [box 3] is to…”. You are required to choose which option is box 4, by finding the rule which connects box 1 and box 2.
Students tend to find type 2 and type 3 questions easier than type 1, so being familiar with the types of questions will help you set expectations for how long to spend on each question!
In the abstract reasoning section of the UCAT, you’re given 12 minutes to answer 50 questions.
This gives you a mere 14 seconds per question. However, certain question types require different time investments.
In type 1 questions, you are asked 5 questions based on the same set of shapes. This means that you might spend slightly longer on the first question of a set, and less on the next 4.
However, type 2 and 3 questions are standalone, and you won’t be asked multiple questions on the same shape set. This means that you should aim to spend less time on these questions,
Looking online, you’ll be bombarded with mnemonics to help you remember what to look for in each pattern set. These include CPR, SCONE, NSPCC, SPONCS, SCANS.
Don’t get confused trying to learn them all.
We recommend SSSPN:
Shape
Size
Shade (colour)
Position
Number
These first go through the most obvious patterns, before looking at more complex features like numbers.
For each of these categories, there are several aspects you can look at.
Our next few tips will summarise the things you should be looking for in each section of the mnemonic.
Number 5: Comparing Sizes In The UCAT Abstract Reasoning Test
After looking at the patterns between shapes, you might want to consider the sizes of each shape within a box of the set.
Consider specifically:
How do the sizes of particular shapes vary?
Is one shape always bigger than another?
If there doesn’t seem to be a pattern between the sizes, or all the shapes are the same size, move on to looking at the shade.
Top Tip 6: Shading in UCAT Questions
The diagrams in the UKCAT do not use colour, so when looking at the shades you only need to consider white, grey, black and patterned (e.g. hashed, striped).
Consider:
Are any particular shapes a set colour?
Is there always a set number of a set colour? Eg. there are always 3 grey shapes and 2 black.
You might find that patterns including colour are combined with another rule, such as a shape rule. For example, there may always be a black triangle in each box of the set.
Look at the number of different sides that each shape or total shapes have.
This could include looking at whether there is a set number of:
Total shapes?
Particular shapes e.g. triangles?
Number of Sides?
Enclosed areas?
Number of Intersections?
Angles?
Finally, consider whether these numbers have any characteristics, such as being a multiple of 3, odd or even. An example of this pattern in context would be, that all the shapes in the set have an odd number of sides.
Tip 8: Always start on the easiest box
Don’t make life difficult for yourself by trying to analyse the pattern of a really busy and difficult box.
Choose the box with the fewest shapes to try and deduce the pattern from. This reduces the chance of you being distracted by ‘filler shapes’.
Many choose to pick the box in the top left to help with this.
UCAT Abstract Reasoning Tip 9: Set B will likely be the opposite
So you’ve found the pattern for Set A. Don’t waste time starting from scratch to figure out the pattern for set B. The patterns in set A and set B are usually the opposite of each other.
Examiners know that you don’t have time to interpret 2 completely different patterns for one question. Therefore, the pattern for set B is often the inverse to set A.
For example:
Set A - 1 black triangle and 1 white star in every box
Set B - 1 white triangle and 1 black star in every box
Abstract Reasoning Tip 10: Don’t Make Assumptions
After finding a pattern which is common to 2 boxes in a set, it can be easy to jump to the conclusion that this must be the rule.
However, before choosing your answer, we recommend checking with at least 2 other boxes of the set that the rule continues! This is such a common and easy mistake, that only takes a few seconds to avoid.
Abstract Reasoning Tip 11: Be Mindful In Your Revision
Doing practice questions can become a mindless task, but the whole point of practicing is to highlight what you struggle with, and what you need to focus more on.
After each abstract reasoning practice, comb through your answers carefully, making sure that you understand where you went wrong, and that you can recognise the pattern you missed.
Consider which question type you find hardest and get incorrect the most often, and hone your revision to focus on these questions in particular.
Abstract Reasoning Tip 12: Keep A Crib Sheet Of Hard Patterns
As you revise and encounter new and difficult abstract reasoning patterns, we recommend keeping a note of what you needed to look for, and what the pattern was.
If you’re a visual learner, it might be worth screenshotting or taking a picture of the pattern, and annotating the aspects which link each box.
This will form a useful handbook to return to when you need reminding of patterns you struggle to pick up on.
Abstract Reasoning Tip 13: Become Comfortable With Your Keyboard Shortcuts
In the UKCAT exam software, you are able to use keyboard commands to execute functions such as flagging, skipping and moving backwards. Using these shortcuts saves a significant amount of time compared to the traditional mouse method, which will help in acing the UCAT.
However, this is only the case if you’re comfortable using them.
We recommend you practice using these shortcuts at home and build up your muscle memory, so you’re comfortable with using them in the exam.
Here is a handy summary of the UCAT keyboard shortcuts:
Whilst you might be familiar with various practice websites for the UCAT, we recommend you spend some time on the UCAT Consortium webpage, where you can run a simulation of the UCAT exam software to practice finding the calculator, using keyboard shortcuts and changing accessibility settings.
Tip 15: Guess Answers To Boost Your UCAT Abstract Reasoning Score
The UKCAT has no negative marking system. This means that if you guess a question and give the wrong answer, you do not get any marks deducted.
As such, if you aren’t sure of an answer, we recommend making an educated guess, flagging the question and moving on.
It’s worth guessing, rather than leaving the question blank, as the AR section is incredibly time-pressured. Although you may intend to revisit the question and choose an answer at the end, you’ll likely run out of time.
Given that there’s a 20% chance of guessing the correct answer, it’s worth guessing as you go.
Ensure that you do not leave any questions unanswered - this is one of the best tips to do well!
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When revising for abstract reasoning, we recommend revising a little and often. Work backwards from your exam date, and create a plan of how many questions you intend to do per day, per week etc, and create a schedule which works for you.
Spaced repetition is a proven revision technique for memory retention and the prevention of burnout in the UCAT. When building up pattern recognition skills, it’s just as important not to overload yourself.
Reduce your mental load by writing down the mnemonic you use. This can act as a fantastic mental reminder or checklist during the AR section of the exam.
Tip 18: Learn Common UCAT Abstract Reasoning Patterns
Whilst you don’t know exactly what shapes will come up on the day, there are only so many patterns that are possible.
Therefore, it’s worth learning the characteristics of common shapes to save you time.
Save yourself from trying to count the number of sides of an arrowhead, by learning it in advance.
Students often struggle with focusing on each set when there’s checking the clock to see how long they’ve got left. This is an easy way to run out of time in the exam.
We recommend checking the clock at specific milestones during the exam and recognising that by minute 6, you should be approximately halfway through the questions, around question number 25.
Other milestones commonly used by pupils are at 1/4 of the way, 1/2 way, 3/4 of the way and with 1 minute left.
Abstract Reasoning Tip 20: Use Mainly Online Resources
Whilst paper resources are useful to introduce you to the types of questions you’ll face in the UCAT, we recommend using online resources, this is largely except the ISC Medical UCAT Book which we recommend.
Given that the UCAT is sat online at an exam centre, you will gain more useful experience through practice questions sat on a computer, than on paper.
In addition to this, practising online will allow you to get used to using your UCAT keyboard shortcuts.
The skills behind the abstract reasoning section are shown by the speed at which you can recognise the patterns. This means that unfortunately practising under unlimited time conditions, will likely not be very helpful to your revision.
Given the short nature of the abstract reasoning section, we recommend testing yourself to time, such as doing a practice run of 15 questions, at 3 minutes 30 seconds to see how you do.
However, initially, you should practice them untimed until you become more confident when you recognise patterns, and then you can complete the ucat practice questions with timing.
Given that this section evaluates skills which most students aren’t used to using regularly, the best way to revise is through active methods. This means deliberate, focused practice.
Visualising as many patterns as possible, through completing questions will develop your pattern recognition skills, speed and problem-solving technique.
Want some help with your own UCAT? Wondering if you might benefit from some UCAT tutoring?
No. Abstract Reasoning was removed from the UCAT for 2025 entry onwards and is no longer tested. The UCAT now has four subtests: Verbal Reasoning, Decision Making, Quantitative Reasoning and the Situational Judgement Test, with a cognitive total scored out of 2700. The tips on this page remain useful for other abstract and inductive reasoning tests.
What replaced Abstract Reasoning and what subtests are in the UCAT now?
Nothing directly replaced it; Abstract Reasoning was simply removed. The current UCAT contains four subtests: Verbal Reasoning, Decision Making and Quantitative Reasoning (each scored 300 to 900, totalling out of 2700), plus the Situational Judgement Test, which is reported in bands rather than added to your cognitive score.
Why was Abstract Reasoning removed from the UCAT?
The UCAT Consortium streamlined the test from 2025, dropping Abstract Reasoning to focus on the skills most relevant to studying medicine and dentistry. The change reduced the cognitive maximum from 3600 to 2700 and shortened the exam. We have kept this guide for historical reference and because the techniques transfer to other aptitude tests.
Are these Abstract Reasoning tips still useful?
Yes, although they no longer apply to the live UCAT. The pattern-spotting techniques here remain valuable for other admissions and employer aptitude tests that still use abstract or inductive reasoning, and they help you understand how the UCAT was historically structured before the 2025 change.
What was the SSSPN mnemonic for Abstract Reasoning?
SSSPN stood for Shape, Size, Shade, Position and Number, a checklist for spotting the rule linking a set of figures. While Abstract Reasoning is no longer in the UCAT, the same systematic approach still works on any abstract reasoning test, helping you work through obvious features before more complex ones like number patterns.
What question types appeared in UCAT Abstract Reasoning?
There were historically four question types: classifying test shapes into Set A, Set B or neither; completing a sequence by choosing the next figure; applying a rule in the format 'box 1 is to box 2 as box 3 is to which option'; and choosing which of four responses belongs to a given set. These styles still appear in other non-verbal reasoning tests.
How was the Abstract Reasoning section timed?
Historically candidates answered a large number of questions in only around thirteen minutes, leaving just seconds per item. This intense time pressure no longer applies to the UCAT since the section was removed in 2025. If you are sitting another timed abstract reasoning test, practising under strict timing remains the single most important preparation tactic.
Does the UCAT still have negative marking?
No, the UCAT has never used negative marking, and that remains true for the current four-subtest format. You are not penalised for a wrong answer, so you should always attempt every question and make an educated guess rather than leaving anything blank, especially under time pressure.
How is the current UCAT scored out of 2700?
The three remaining cognitive subtests, Verbal Reasoning, Decision Making and Quantitative Reasoning, are each scaled from 300 to 900, giving a maximum cognitive total of 2700. The Situational Judgement Test is reported separately in Bands 1 to 4 and is not added to that score. This replaced the previous 3600 total that included Abstract Reasoning.
I am revising old UCAT materials with Abstract Reasoning, is that a problem?
Yes, be careful. Practice papers, books or courses that still include Abstract Reasoning are out of date for the UCAT from 2025 onwards. Use the time you would have spent on it on the current subtests instead, and check that any resource you buy reflects the four-subtest format scored out of 2700.
Can practising Abstract Reasoning still improve general reasoning skills?
Yes. Deliberate practice genuinely sharpens pattern recognition speed and accuracy, which helps on other psychometric and aptitude tests beyond the UCAT. The skill is partly trainable rather than fixed, so the methods in this guide remain a worthwhile workout even though they no longer count towards a UCAT score.
Where should I focus my UCAT preparation now?
Focus on the four current subtests: Verbal Reasoning, Decision Making, Quantitative Reasoning and the Situational Judgement Test. Build accuracy untimed first, then add strict timing, and reflect on every question. Our other guides cover each subtest in detail, and one-to-one tutoring can target your weakest areas before exam day.
Do universities still consider an Abstract Reasoning score?
No. Because Abstract Reasoning is no longer tested, no university can require or consider an Abstract Reasoning score for 2025 entry onwards. Medical and dental schools now use your total out of 2700 plus your SJT band, with each school weighting these differently, so check individual university admissions pages.
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