NHS Dentistry Hot Topics 2026

The Amalgam Debate

The debate surrounding dental amalgam, particularly its phase-out, is a critical topic in contemporary dentistry in the NHS and in the UK and one that you should know about for dentistry interviews.

Dental amalgam, used for over a century, has raised environmental concerns due to its mercury content. Mercury's potential toxicity and its environmental impact, especially on aquatic ecosystems, have led to international agreements like the Minamata Convention advocating for a reduction in mercury use.

The picture has now changed sharply. The EU banned the use of dental amalgam from 1 January 2025, and in November 2025 the Minamata Convention (COP6) agreed a global phase-out date of 2034. Great Britain has not implemented an outright ban and continues a phase-down approach, but Northern Ireland follows the EU rules under the Windsor Framework. The British Dental Association has warned that alternatives such as composite take longer and cost over 50% more, which could put further strain on already stretched NHS dentistry.

Understanding this debate is vital for dental students, as it encompasses aspects of patient care, environmental ethics, and the adaptation of dental practices to evolving regulations and patient preferences.

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Water Fluoridation

Water fluoridation remains one of the most debated topics in dental public health in the UK and the NHS.

Some argue that fluoridation of public water supplies significantly reduces dental caries, especially in communities with limited access to dental care.

Critics, however, raise concerns about potential health risks and the ethics of mass medication without individual consent.

The topic is a classic example of balancing public health benefits with individual rights and choices.

For potential dental students, grasping the nuances of this debate is essential, as it influences public health policies and individual patient care.

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GDC Principles

The General Dental Council (GDC) Principles are the cornerstone of professional and ethical practice in UK dentistry. These principles guide dental professionals in providing high-quality care while maintaining patient trust and safety.

The GDC Standards cover a range of aspects from patient care, consent, and confidentiality to professional behaviour and continuous learning.

We break down each principle with interview-ready examples in our ultimate guide to the 9 GDC standards and principles.

Here are the 9 GDC Principles, these are important for you to know before your dentistry interview.

1. Principle 1: Put patients' interests first
2. Principle 2: Communicate effectively with patients
3. Principle 3: Obtain valid consent
4. Principle 4: Maintain and protect patients' information
5. Principle 5: Have a clear and effective complaints procedure
6. Principle 6: Work with colleagues in a way that is in patients' best interests
7. Principle 7: Maintain, develop and work within your professional knowledge and skills
8. Principle 8: Raise concerns if patients are at risk
9. Principle 9: Make sure your personal behaviour maintains patients' confidence in you and the dental profession

For aspiring dental students, a thorough understanding of these principles is essential.

They form the basis of ethical practice and are integral to handling real-life scenarios in dental practice, from clinical decision-making to managing patient relationships and professional development.

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Pandemic Recovery and the NHS Backlog

The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped NHS dental care, and its effects are still being felt today. The most pressing legacy is the treatment backlog it created, which continues to strain access to NHS dentistry and shapes how services are being rebuilt. Understanding both the immediate response and this longer recovery is valuable for interviews.

Enhanced Infection Control and PPE Use

Dental practices faced the immediate challenge of implementing stringent infection control measures.

This included adopting advanced personal protective equipment (PPE) like FFP3 masks and reorganising clinic layouts to ensure social distancing.

As a dentist, adapting to these safety measures was crucial to protect both patients and staff, fundamentally changing the way dental clinics that I worked in operated.

Rise of Teledentistry

The pandemic also propelled the use of teledentistry, becoming essential for preliminary consultations and emergency triaging.

This shift not only minimised the risk of virus transmission but also opened doors for broader access to dental care, particularly for remote or immobile patients.

Teledentistry's integration into dental services marks a significant evolution in patient care delivery.

Impact on Dental Education

Dental education adapted quickly, with a shift to online learning and innovative training methods like simulation-based exercises.

This transition highlighted the need for flexibility in dental training, preparing students for a rapidly changing healthcare landscape.

Long-term Implications

The pandemic's impact on dental services extends beyond immediate responses. There's a growing emphasis on preventive care and reducing in-person visits, underscoring the integral role of oral health in overall health, especially in light of COVID-19.

For future dental students, understanding these changes is key, as they signify a transformative period in dental healthcare and practice.

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Dental Technology Advances

Recent years have seen remarkable advancements in dental technology, revolutionising both practice and patient care.

Innovations such as CAD/CAM systems, digital impressions, and 3D printing have made dental procedures more precise, efficient, and patient-friendly.

These technologies not only improve treatment outcomes but also enhance the patient experience, making dental care more accessible and less intimidating.

For aspiring dental students, familiarity with these technological advancements is crucial as they represent the future of dental practice, blending clinical skills with technological proficiency.

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Oral Cancer Awareness

Oral Cancer Awareness in Dental Care

Raising awareness about oral cancer is increasingly important in dental practice. Dentists are often the first healthcare professionals to notice potential symptoms of oral cancer during routine examinations.

Early detection is key to improving prognosis, emphasising the need for regular oral cancer screenings in dental settings.

Significance of Early Detection and Risk Factors

Early detection of oral cancer can drastically improve treatment outcomes. Dentists play a crucial role in this, identifying early signs like persistent sores, unexplained bleeding, or lumps in the mouth.

Understanding and communicating the risk factors, such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, are also vital aspects of patient education.

As part of preventive care, advising patients on lifestyle changes to reduce their risk of oral cancer is an integral part of a dentist's role.

Educational Role of Dental Professionals

Dental professionals have a responsibility to educate patients about oral cancer prevention and the importance of regular screenings.

This includes discussing the significance of maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding risk factors, and recognising early symptoms.

For dental students, gaining knowledge about oral cancer, its risk factors, and early signs is crucial.

It prepares them to play an active role in oral cancer prevention and management, reflecting the broader impact of dental health on overall well-being.

It is important to know a little bit about oral cancer before your dentistry interviews.

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Dental Public Health Issues

Addressing public health issues in dentistry is pivotal for ensuring equitable access to dental care.

This encompasses a range of challenges, from providing care in underserved communities to implementing community-wide oral health initiatives.

Dental public health also involves understanding the social determinants of oral health and advocating for policies that reduce disparities in dental care access.

In my experience, participating in community dental health programmes has been rewarding and eye-opening, highlighting the broader role of dentists in public health.

For students, understanding these issues is crucial, as it expands the scope of dentistry beyond the clinic to community health improvement.

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NHS vs Private Practice

The contrast between NHS and private dental practice in the UK is a topic of significant relevance for dental professionals.

You may have done work experience in both NHS and private dental practices.

Each setting offers different experiences, benefits, and challenges. NHS dentistry focuses on providing accessible care to the public, often dealing with a high volume of patients and a range of treatments funded by the NHS.

In contrast, private practice offers more flexibility in terms of services offered and appointment lengths, but may also come with different financial and business management challenges.

Understanding these differences is important for dental students, as it shapes career choices and expectations in their future professional lives.

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Mental Health in Dentistry

Mental health is gaining increasing recognition as a significant concern within the dental profession.

Dental professionals and dental students commonly grapple with elevated levels of stress and burnout due to the inherent demands of their work, the weight of performance expectations, and the pressure associated with meeting patient needs and preferences.

It is of utmost importance to proactively address mental health, promote well-being, and establish robust support systems within the dental community.

During interviews, you can anticipate discussions surrounding your experiences in managing stress and maintaining mental well-being within the challenging dental environment.

Candidates must demonstrate their awareness of the unique mental health challenges specific to dentistry.

For instance, applicants might mention the emotional toll of addressing patient anxieties and fears, the pressure to deliver precise and pain-free procedures, or the often long hours required to build and sustain a successful dental practice.

It is good to talk about your commitment to self-care and share your strategies for coping with stress.

These strategies include regular mindfulness practices, seeking mentorship and counselling when needed, and actively participating in dental associations or support groups that prioritise mental health and well-being.

In reality, this is often with friends or colleagues who act as people who support you.

Dental Education and Training: Shaping Future Professionals

Dental education and training are pivotal in moulding skilled dental professionals. Beginning with a comprehensive dental degree, the journey encompasses a variety of subjects from basic dental sciences to advanced clinical skills.

As technology and research evolve, dental education adapts, incorporating cutting-edge practices like digital dentistry and new treatment methodologies.

Beyond initial education, ongoing professional development is crucial, keeping dentists up-to-date with the latest advancements and best practices.

For dental students, understanding and committing to this continuous learning process is key to a successful and adaptive career in dentistry.

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NHS Repayments and UDAs

Understanding the NHS repayment system and Units of Dental Activity (UDAs) is essential for UK dental professionals.

The General Dental Services (GDS) contract, which most NHS dental providers operate under, employs UDAs to quantify dental work.

Each provider agrees to deliver a set number of UDAs within a year, with payments made in monthly instalments.

For a full breakdown of the bands, charges and worked examples, read our guide on the NHS dental bands and UDA system.

The value and number of UDAs vary based on treatment complexity, divided into six bands:

1. Band 1 (1 UDA): Includes examination, diagnosis, and advice.
2. Band 2a (3 UDAs): Encompasses all in Band 1, plus additional treatments like fillings, root canals, and extractions.
3. Band 2b (5 UDAs): Covers everything in Band 2 when three or more fillings/extractions or non-molar root canal treatments are involved.
4. Band 2c (7 UDAs): Includes all in Band 2 plus molar endodontic care.
5. Band 3 (12 UDAs): Involves more complex treatments such as crowns, dentures, and bridges.
6. Urgent (1.2 UDAs): Covers examination, assessment, advice, and urgent treatment.

Enhanced UDA bands were introduced in October 2022 to better reflect the cost of more complex treatments. More significant change is now underway: a first wave of contract reforms began on 1 April 2026, with a second wave expected from 23 June 2026. These keep the UDA system for now but add measures such as a 0.5 UDA fluoride varnish course delivered by dental nurses, a requirement for larger contracts to deliver unscheduled (urgent) care, and comprehensive care packages for patients with complex needs.

These changes have significant implications for dental practices, influencing patient care, and the financial management of NHS contracts​​.

In contrast, private practice billing differs, typically based on the specific treatment provided rather than a contracted UDA system. For dental students, understanding these nuances is crucial as it impacts aspects of dental practice from patient care to financial and practice management.

Tooth Whitening

Tooth whitening has seen a surge in popularity, becoming a highly sought-after cosmetic dental procedure. With a range of methods and products available, from in-office treatments to at-home kits, it’s a good idea to know a little bit about it before your upcoming dentistry interview.

Understanding Regulations and Active Ingredients

A key aspect of tooth whitening is understanding the regulations that govern its practice, particularly concerning the use of active ingredients like hydrogen peroxide. In the UK, the legal limit for hydrogen peroxide concentration in tooth whitening products is strictly regulated.

Products containing up to 0.1% hydrogen peroxide are available over the counter, while concentrations between 0.1% and 6% can only be administered by dental professionals. This regulation ensures patient safety, preventing potential side effects such as tooth sensitivity and gum irritation.

Advising Patients on Safe Practices

As a dentist, guiding tooth whitening involves more than just the application of the treatment. It encompasses a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s oral health, considering factors like enamel thickness, existing dental restorations, and overall tooth condition.

Advising patients on the most suitable method, whether in-office or at home, and managing their expectations regarding results is essential. This advice must be grounded in both scientific evidence and ethical practice.

Sugar Tax

The introduction of the sugar tax as a public health measure to combat obesity and associated diseases has significant implications for oral health.

Recognised as a key factor in the prevalence of dental caries, high sugar consumption has been targeted by this policy to encourage healthier dietary choices.

Reducing Dental Caries Through Dietary Changes

The rationale behind the sugar tax is straightforward: by reducing the consumption of sugary drinks and foods, it aims to decrease the incidence of dental caries, a prevalent issue in many populations.

Sugary diets contribute significantly to the development of cavities, and by financially incentivising manufacturers to reduce sugar content, the sugar tax plays a direct role in promoting oral health.

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Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in dentistry, as in other areas of healthcare. The misuse and overprescription of antibiotics in dental practice contribute to this global health threat.

Dental professionals need to understand the appropriate use of antibiotics and adhere to guidelines to prevent resistance.

This topic is particularly important for future dental students, emphasising the need for judicious use of antibiotics and understanding their role in combating antibiotic resistance.

The NHS Dental Access Crisis

Access to NHS dentistry has become one of the most talked about issues in UK healthcare, and it is a topic you should be ready to discuss at interview.

Across large parts of the country, patients are struggling to register with an NHS dentist, and some areas are now described as "dental deserts" where very few practices are taking on new NHS patients.

This has led to widely reported stories of people travelling long distances for care, waiting months or even years for an appointment, or resorting to so-called DIY dentistry. The issue raises deep questions about funding, workforce shortages and health inequality.

If you want to go deeper, our dedicated guide on NHS dental contract reform in 2026 explains exactly what is changing and why, and the dental tourism and Turkey teeth trend is a related consequence of the access crisis that often comes up at interview.

For aspiring dentists, understanding why access has declined, and how it affects the most vulnerable patients, shows a mature awareness of the realities of working within the NHS.

Why Access Has Declined

A mix of factors is at play: the long-standing UDA contract that many dentists feel does not fairly reward NHS work, rising practice costs, and more dentists choosing to move towards private care. The scale is striking: by March 2024 only around 40% of adults in England had seen an NHS dentist in the previous two years, and the British Dental Association reported that roughly 97% of new patients who tried to find NHS care were unable to do so. There were also around 480 fewer dentists doing NHS work in 2023-24 than before the pandemic, which is why some areas are now called dental deserts.

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NHS Dental Contract Reform and the Dental Recovery Plan

Closely linked to the access crisis is the ongoing reform of the NHS dental contract, a subject that comes up regularly in dentistry interviews.

The current system pays practices using Units of Dental Activity, or UDAs, which many argue do not reflect the true time and complexity of treatment. Reform aims to make NHS dentistry fairer for both patients and dental teams.

The 2024 Dental Recovery Plan set out measures such as a new patient premium to encourage practices to see people who had not had care recently, and golden hello incentives to attract dentists to underserved areas. By 2026, however, NHS England concluded it had largely not met its aims (new patient numbers actually fell), and officials told the Public Accounts Committee the new patient premium had clearly failed. This is why attention has shifted to genuine UDA contract reform rather than short-term incentives.

Being able to weigh up whether these measures genuinely fix the underlying problems, or simply ease the symptoms, demonstrates the kind of critical thinking interviewers are looking for.

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Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry

Artificial intelligence is quickly becoming one of the most exciting hot topics in modern dentistry, and it is a great area to mention at interview to show that you are up to date.

AI tools are increasingly used to help detect dental caries, bone loss and other changes on radiographs, often flagging them earlier than the human eye. AI is also supporting practices with appointment scheduling, treatment planning and patient communication.

Alongside the benefits come important ethical questions: who is responsible if an AI system misses a diagnosis, how patient data is kept safe, and how we make sure technology supports rather than replaces the dentist and patient relationship.

Showing that you understand both the opportunities and the limitations of AI reflects a balanced, forward thinking attitude that dental schools value.

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Related Links

Free Guides:

• Ultimate Dentistry Application Guide
• What Is A Career In Dentistry?
• Dental Work Experience Guide
• Dental Personal Statement Guide
• Graduate Entry Dentistry Guide
• Dentistry With Low Grades in the UK
• Reapplying To Dentistry Guide (Gap Year)
• Dentistry Clearing Guide
• Dental School Rankings UK
• 230 MMI Dentistry Interview Questions
• Dentistry UCAT Cut Offs
• Top 5 Dentistry Books: Reading List
• Hot Topics In Dentistry

Tutoring & Blog Articles:

• UCAT Tutoring
• Dentistry Personal Statement Reviews & Editing
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• Dentistry Application Packages

Related guides and tools

Use these guides to turn each hot topic into a confident, well-evidenced interview answer:

• NHS dental contract reform 2026 - what the April and June 2026 changes mean and why the Recovery Plan fell short.
• Dental amalgam fillings and the phase-out - the mercury debate, the EU ban and the Minamata 2034 timeline.
• NHS dental bands and UDAs explained - how dentists are paid and why it drives the access crisis.
• The 9 GDC standards and principles - the ethical framework behind almost every MMI station.
• Sugar tax and the soft drinks industry levy - the public health policy with direct links to dental caries.
• 230 MMI dentistry interview questions - practise applying these topics to real stations.
• UK dental schools ranking hub - compare entry requirements and interview styles across schools.
• Find dental work experience near you - search NHS and private practices by postcode to build real examples.